Mangolink Cam is owned by Makarikari S. The verdict is in on our 14-week-old cubs’ first snow experience! They are not fans. A live stream camera, Cheetah Cub Cam, has been set up inside the cheetah enclosure so that. Keepers report the cub is. Footage from the zoo’s “cheetah cub cam” shows the cubs cuddling with their mother and climbing on top of each. Find out what’s happening with Echo and her cubs in our latest #CheetahCubdates. Source: Info: Webcam showing lions in the Great Cats Exhibit at the. “The. The 17th litter of cheetah cubs were born at the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute and can be watched live on their Cheetah Cub Cam. Born the night of October 3, the twin cubs are the first offspring of 4-year-old female Amani and her mate, 7-year-old male Asante. On Tuesday, five cheetah cubs were born to 8-year-old Echo at the Zoo's Front Royal, Virginia campus. It’s a unique way to get acquainted with. Note that Echo may move her cubs out of the. But you can watch their live cam feed and get monthly updates here. Info: Live streaming webcam showing a cheetah and cubs at the Smithsonian National Zoo in Washington DC, United States. The. Keeper Amber Dedrick taking photos of the cubs while mom Echo is out of the den. (Smithsonian Cheetah Cub Cam). They appear to be strong, active, vocalizing and nursing well. Amani, a four-year-old female cheetah, gave birth to two cubs on October 3 at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute (NZCBI) in Front. Five cubs arrived Tuesday morning at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Virginia. Watch them live on the Cheetah Cub Cam. m. A nearly 3-week-old baby cheetah that was abandoned by its mother and bottle-fed at the National Zoo’s facility in Virginia has found a new home with a cheetah foster mom and her cubs in Oregon. A cheetah mother will give birth to one to eight cubs. Monterey Bay Aquarium-This cam includes views of the aviary, coral reef, jellyfish, open sea, penguins, and sharks. A male and female cheetah meet very briefly to mate. The NZCBI is part of the Smithsonian Institution where invaluable research is done on. Two new cheetah cubs were welcomed to the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute (NZCBI) in Virginia, on Oct. This litter was well-known as the “Bingwa Bunch. The Houston Zoo webcams include a giraffe cam, gorilla cam, chimpanzee cam and flamingos. Nov. On Feb. 3 to mother. On Oct. Two newborn cheetah cubs at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Virginia are the latest stars of the Cheetah Cub Cam, a 24/7 stream of adorable spottedness and big cat cuddles. (CNN) - The world is getting its first look at the new cheetah cubs at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo. Loading Panda Cam 1. Industry » Automation. Tune in 24/7 to watch the cubs on the Cheetah Cub Cam. Back in October, 4-year-old cheetah Amani gave birth to two healthy cheetah cubs: Ziad and Enzi. In fact, the first cheetah cub born there was 10-year-old Nick—the father of this. Pets and Animals Houston 1,000 $. Mar. Interesting Facts about Cheetahs. We weighed each cub, took blood draws, gave them vaccinations,. m. and 11:05 p. To check in on Amani and her cubs, visit the Cheetah Cub Cam at Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute's website. Photo courtesy Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology. The cubs appear to be strong, active, vocal and eating. 1600x1200 Free download HQ Cheetah Cubs Africa Wallpaper HQ Wallpaper [1600x1200] for your Desktop, Mobile & Tablet. Info: Echo gave birth to four cubs April 8, 2020! Tune in to the Cheetah Cub webcam streaming live from the Smithsonian’s National Zoo LIVE SNOW LEOPARD WEBCAM . Sixteen litters of cheetah cubs. The world is getting a chance to see them via the Cheetah Cub Cam, which features live. You can see the cubs on the Cheetah Cub Cam and in this YouTube video. It's a unique way to get acquainted with the. 5-week-old cubs were bright, active and appeared healthy! Loyal Cheetah Cub Cam viewers may have already noticed, but on Saturday, Nov. 21, cheetah mom Rosalie picked a new "den" for her cubs. 12! Get all the chirping cheetah cub action on this webcam streaming live from the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Virginia. It's a unique way to get acquainted with the. Rosalie falls into the latter category. This update was written by cheetah biologist Adrienne Crosier. Sep. , welcomed a litter of two cheetah cubs to first-time mother Amani overnight Oct. Two newborn cheetah cubs at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Virginia are the latest stars of the Cheetah Cub Cam, a 24/7 stream of adorable spottedness and big cat cuddles. Adrienne Crosier. Oct. It is important for cheetah cubs to learn. 12, a cheetah named Rosalie gave birth at the. Three male and two female cubs were born to mother "Echo," the zoo said. 3, showing signs of health in the expanding family of big cats. If you tune into the Cheetah Cub Cam you might catch the cubs climbin. This is also the first litter sired by 7-year-old father Asante. And when it’s warm, they will start to sleep outside. Now, one week later, the cubs “appear to be strong, active, vocal, and eating well,” and their adorable moments are currently being livestreamed via a Cheetah Cub Cam. You may have even seen a few cubs go into one of the Cheetah Cub Cam dens on their own to check it out and investigate. Nov. With 24/7 coverage of the 2-week-old twins on the official Cheetah Cub Cam, viewers will be able to check in on them and their mom for up to 10 months. Viewers can enjoy watching the cubs grow via the Cheetah Cub Cam. 0. 43 EDT. ’s, and the Smithsonian’s, most popular tourist destinations, with more than 2 million visitors from all over the world each. Animal care staff at Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute notes the one-week-old cheetah cub they are currently hand-raising has a good appetite! Get an inside look at the one-week-old cheetah cub animal care staff at Smithsonian Conservation. “The cubs appear to be strong, active, vocal, and eating well,” the zoo said in a news release. ️ Checking in on the Cheetah Cam? You may have noticed that Echo moved her cubs! Giving cheetah moms a choice of where to care for the cubs is critical to their welfare, and Echo has four dens to. This is video from the cheetah cam at the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal. Virtual visitors can still enjoy NZCBI’s other webcams featuring Asian elephants,. See our ethics statement. 19, 4-year-old cheetah mom, Amani, moved her two male cubs. “The. Both male and female cheetahs also chirp when distressed. Biologists collect behavior and hormone data on cheetah populations. Nov. 3, showing signs of health in the expanding family of big cats. The cubs received their names May 27. The first cheetah cub born at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute celebrated his 10th birthday last year, marking a decade of the facility's successful cheetah breeding program. On average, cheetahs stand 28 to 36 inches tall at the shoulder. 24, 2021. In fact, the first cheetah cub born there was 10-year-old Nick—the father of this. Occasionally there may be signal disturbances and the video will be unavailable. 12. The cub’s dad is 10-year-old cheetah Nick, who was the first cheetah to be born at the conservation institute. 1. Throughout history, these remarkable cats have adorned the courts of kings, queens, and emperors, and their amazing grace and beauty still captivate the world today. Cheetahs’ sprints have been measured at a maximum of 114 km (71 miles) per hour, and they routinely reach. Cheetah Cubdate #18: Eating from Individual Bowls. An extremely shocking sighting of an adult leopard stalking and catching a cheetah cub while its mother tries to protect it. Here, you’ll be able to watch live video of five adorable cheetah cubs. On April 8, 2020, first time mother, Echo, gave birth to SCBI’s 14th litter of cheetah cubs live on the Cheetah Cub Cam. Five tawny, waddling cheetah cubs born a month ago at the Metro Richmond Zoo are about to become Internet stars. The cubs, three males and two females, were born Oct. The Smithsonian National Zoo is. ’s, and the Smithsonian’s, most popular tourist destinations, with more than 2 million visitors from all over the world each year. After their mother leaves, littermates stay together for about six to. The zoo says you may hear some interesting noises coming from the cubs: They chirp when they are looking for their mom. Scientists at the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute have been studying the behavior, breeding and health of many species along Africa Trail. On May 22, 2020, the Zoo asked for the public's help to. 15, 2021. The Richmond Cheetah Cam, which went live Friday, will bring you the cubs and their mother, Lana, day and night — the latter through the camera’s night-vision capability. Tune in to the zoo's cheetah cam to watch their first few days of life. 7 meters) in one stride, about the same distance as a racehorse. 21, Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute’s cheetah. 7, animal care staff weighed each of Rosalie's cubs and refreshed the shave marks. Keepers will also be. Photo: KenfromMD/Flickr Licensed under CC BY-SA 2. 12, the Smithsonian National Zoological Park's cheetah cubs went outside for the first time. . Oct. Jesse Yeatman. Compared to litters in previous years, they are all very brave. 24 Apr 2023. Cheetah Cub Cam On April 8, the National Zoo’s cheetah, Echo, gave birth to four cubs. Note that Echo may move her cubs out of the den and. On Oct. Nineteen cheetah cubs from six different litters have been born at the Metro Richmond Zoo so far in 2022. Watch them live on the Cheetah Cub Cam. Check back frequently. It can reach a top speed of 60 to 70 miles per hour and can accelerate from nought to 45 MPH in just 2. Mar. Nestled in their heated den, the newborn cheetah cubs at Smithsonian's Conservation Biology Institute spend their days doing what just about any young animal does — a lot of sleeping. Tune into the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Center's Cheetah Cub Cam here: does. . The zoo adds these cheetahs were recommended for breeding by the Zoological. Watch the Smithsonian's National Zoo's lions live, 24/7 on the Lion Cam. 5 seconds. CHESTERFIELD COUNTY, Va. Isaac Schultz. Priscilla Rich was the original during the Golden and Silver Ages, and Deborah Domaine was the Bronze Age version. Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute. This update was written by animal keeper Adri Kopp. Animal care staff at the zoo will leave Echo to bond and care. In general, the cubs are very laid back, inquisitive and relatively unflappable – just like their mother. The zoo has seen 17 litters of cheetah cubs born. 5-month-old cheetah cubs’ world is growing, just. C. The world is getting a chance to see them via the Cheetah Cub Cam , which features. AmericanListed features safe and local classifieds for. It's a unique way to get acquainted with the. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NZCBI even set up a Cheetah Cub Cam where viewers can watch the incredible litter as they grow. 3. The cubs appear to be strong, active, vocal and eating. Cheetah #Cubdate 3: April 20. Animal care staff at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Va. The births were streamed live on the zoo’s new 'Cheetah Cub Cam' webcam, and virtual viewers have been watching the three male and one female cubs' progress ever since. We offer the family a little meat on a tray in their yard so the cubs can access it more easily. The Zoo’s “Cheetah Cub Cam” enables animal enthusiasts to monitor Amani and the cheetah cubs in their natural habitat as the mother nurses her babies or snuggles with them. The four cubs — female Amabala and males Jabari, Hasani and Erindi — brought the total number of cubs born at SCBI to 60. They are getting very brave and like to. Mothers are not only our first friends, they are also our first teachers. Check out their Facebook for more news and online events and catch up with their past “Bringing the Zoo to You” events here . You can watch live as Echo bonds with her four cubs on Smithsonian’s Cheetah Cub Cam. 25, 2021. Note that Echo may move her cubs out of the. General Contact Form. See giant pandas, elephants, lions and naked mole-rats on animal cams streaming live, 24/7 from the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. Note that Echo may move her cubs out of the den and around her habitat so they may be out of view at. It is the first time in eight years an Andean bear has been born at the zoo. The five cubs born earlier this month at the zoo’s Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Virginia can now be seen via live webcam on the National Zoo’s website. Guest Services: 202-633-2614. Two cheetah cubs arrived on October 3 at Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute (NZCBI) in Front Royal, Virginia. To check in on Amani and her cubs, visit the Cheetah Cub Cam at Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute's website. From Smithsonian InstitutionThe cheetah cub birth at Smithsonian Zoo excites the world with the promise of 5 new members of the Cheetah Species Survival Plan! Toggle Navigation Main Menu. Five cubs arrived Tuesday morning at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Virginia. Echo gave birth to four cubs on April 8, 2020. A 2-week-old male cheetah cub from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Virginia, was transferred to a new cheetah foster mother at Wildlife Safari in Winston, Oregon, Sunday, Oct. Viewers can enjoy watching the cubs grow via the Cheetah Cub Cam. 09, 2023. Our newest pair of cheetah cubs, Ziad and Enzi, are doing great. If you tune into the Cheetah Cub Cam, you might see one or two cubs playing in the den. Currently housed at the zoo’s off-exhibit Cheetah Breeding Center online viewers can watch the cubs 24/7 by clicking the zoo’s webcam. The 17th litter of cheetah cubs to be born at the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute can be watched live on the Cheetah Cub Cam. Cheetah Amani gave birth to two cubs October 3rd, 2022. 3. 3, showing signs of health in the expanding family of big cats. It's a unique way to get acquainted with the. Published 12:34 AM PST, May 26, 2023. Animal care staff are closely monitoring Amani and her cubs’ behaviors via the Cheetah Cub Cam on the Zoo’s website. With 24/7 coverage of the 2-week-old twins on the official Cheetah Cub Cam, viewers will be able to check in on them and their mom for up to 10 months. A brief #cubdate on cheetah Echo and her four newborn cubs. 6 pounds (930 grams to 1. Born. It’s the same meat diet Amani gets, just broken up into cub-sized pieces. Next up in 5. 12. The diet of a cheetah consists primarily of hoofed mammals weighing less than 90 pounds, including. Rosalie's cubs are 1 week old today and there’s only good news to report: they’re adorable, fat and happy. This genetic similarity may have developed due to of a severe. Staff said the cubs are "strong, active, vocalizing. Video Courtesy of Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. Browse search results for cheetah cubs Pets and Animals for sale in Texas. Cheetah in Kwara, Nigeria. It's still up for me sir pball Oct 2022 #12. The zoo says Emarah, a 4½-year-old cheetah and first-time mother, gave birth early Monday morning after a 92-day pregnancy. Echo is doing great, too. What does the world outside the cheetah cubs’ den look like? The grass is greener. The 17th litter of cheetah cubs were born at the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute and can be watched live on their Cheetah Cub Cam. To see the cubs, visit the zoo’s Cheetah Cub Cam. The verdict is in on our 14-week-old cheetah cubs’ first snow experience! Plus, get the latest dish on Rosalie's cubs' newest enrichment and husbandry training experiences. Cheetah cub cuddle puddle! Rosalie's five cubs are 1 week old today and there’s good news to report: they’re adorable, fat and happy. The cubs are starting to play independently. Coalitions. The cubs were born Monday, Oct. Let’s learn more about cheetah cubs. It's a unique way to get acquainted with the. Two cheetah cubs arrived on October 3 at Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute (NZCBI) in Front Royal, Virginia. Echo's 6. Cheetah Amani gave birth to two cubs October 3rd,. Carnivore curator Adrienne Crosier explains: Throughout the spring and summer, thousands of online viewers tuned in to watch 1-year-old black-footed ferret Hickory and her kits on the Black-footed Ferret Cam. Mom will provide her milk, her knowledge, and her large home with her cheetah cubs, while keepers will record their weights, provide a meat diet when it’s time, observe their health, and ensure vet care when necessary. 25, 2021. , the Houston Zoo is home to more than 6,000 animals. Rosalie, a first-time mom, and her cubs can be viewed via the Cheetah Cub Cam on the National Zoo's website. The Wild Thornberrys: Directed by Cathy Malkasian, Jeff McGrath. 24, cheetah mom Rosalie moved her five cubs back into the den with a webcam. Watch LIVE the Cheetah mother – Lana – look after her five baby cheetah Cubs in the Cheetah Zoo Enclosure at the Metro Richmond Zoo by viewing this live HD video streaming Cheetah Zoo Animal Cam. Including Rosalie’s cubs, a total of 16 litters of cheetah cubs have been born at SCBI. 12, 2021. Amani’s two male cubs are one month old, ready to play and are back making appearances on the Cheetah Cub Cam! While the cheetah family has been spending most of their time outdoors in the tall grasses, Amani does lead the cubs into the den to sleep sometimes. Viewers can enjoy watching the cubs grow via the Cheetah Cub Cam. 29. You can watch cheetah mom Echo and her new cubs in one of the zoo’s many webcams. This cub is calm, confident and curious. C. According to zoo officials, the cubs — three males and two females — were born on Sept. To join the cheetah cub cam live stream, click here. . 19. 12. "We hope this experience brings Cheetah Cub Cam viewers joy and helps them feel a deeper connection to this vulnerable species," Crosier added. 16, who had been abandoned by his mother. Colleen Curran. You can watch cheetah mom Echo and her new cubs in one of the zoo's many webcams. Animal care staff were finally able weigh each cub! Oct. Amani, one of our older female cheetahs, has a long history at the Zoo and SCBI. And on this day, as they watch on a monitor, the male cub. They have much to learn. . With 24/7 coverage of the 2-week-old twins on the official Cheetah Cub Cam, viewers will be able to check in on them and their mom for up to 10 months. Watch the cheetah cubs live on the Cheetah Cam and learn how to spot them in the foliage. m. With 24/7 coverage of the 2-week-old twins on the official Cheetah Cub Cam, viewers will be able to check in on them and their mom for up to 10 months. The Ohio zoo revealed it took in the baby animal and is hand-rearing the four-week-old. A younger cheetah will cost around $4,000. But trust us, your quarantine just got a lot better, thanks to the National Zoo's Cub Cam, which offers a real-time view of the four, fuzzy cubs—born April 8 Baby cheetahs live on camera. The family can be viewed via the Cheetah Cub Cam. Cheetah mom Rosalie and her five cubs continue to do well and live between the den without a web camera and the tall grasses in their yard. Metro Richmond Zoo is a privately owned, for-profit zoo in Chesterfield County, Virginia. On Tuesday, five cheetah cubs were born to 8-year-old Echo at the Zoo's Front Royal, Virginia campus. They seem to be in and out of the heated den more, which does have a webcam. Animal care staff are closely monitoring Amani and her cubs’ behaviors via the Cheetah Cub Cam on the Zoo’s website. Staff is also monitoring the cats' behaviors with webcam footage and plan to conduct a. Watch out, Xiao Qi Ji: There are two new baby bears in town. ‘Tis the season for tasty feasts — even for our cheetah cubs! Not long after the last update, Amani’s cubs received meat for the first time. In April 2021, the cubs celebrated their first birthdays . The five cubs born earlier this month at the zoo's Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, Virginia can now be seen via live webcam on the. Elephants are such a fascinating animal, but when do you get the chance to see them besides at a zoo? Luckily, I was able to see them via the virtual field trip! The next animal I got to virtually visit was. 25, 2021. In the near future, we are looking forward to introducing the cubs to Kong toys and possibly a new cheetah neighbor, as some of our adults will be moved into different yards! Until then, keep an eye on the Cheetah Cub Cam to spot more adorable moments between Rosalie, Kuba, Kuki, Kushoma, 3D and Zura. Apr. These activities are designed to engage learners of all ages in looking closely and thinking deeply about animal. The cubs continue to warm hearts this. Staff is also monitoring the cats' behaviors with webcam footage and plan to conduct a. They're able to reach speeds of up to 70 mph and can swim (although they don't like to). Always free of charge, the Smithsonian’s National Zoo is one of Washington D. Cheetah cubs play at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo in Washington, D. . Cheetah cubs have a high mortality rate, and researchers found that lions and hyenas kill up to 70 percent of cheetah cubs. SCBI staff were hand-raising the cub, born Sept. Rosalie and her cubs made the cover of the Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute's New Year greeting card. Cheetah Rosalie gave birth to five healthy cheetah cubs. Tune into the live Che. Its head is small and rounded, with a short snout and black tear-like facial streaks. From Smithsonian InstitutionTo check in on Amani and her cubs, visit the Cheetah Cub Cam at Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute's website. The four cubs — female Amabala and males Jabari, Hasani and Erindi. – This cam includes views of cheetah cubs, naked mole rats, lions, pandas, and elephants. 07, 2023. Rosalie, a five-year-old cheetah, birthed the litter between 5:20 and 11:17 a. (CNN) -- Say hello to a litter of cute, newborn cheetahs. The Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute's cheetah cubs are growing up in Front Royal, Virginia. Our 4-month-old cheetah cubs have had a busy couple of weeks! They played on new furniture in their yard, got a taste of a new treat, and had their last cub veterinary exam. Location: Urban Jungle. Naked Mole-Rat CamCarnivores—dogs, cats, bears, raccoons, weasels and seals—are meat-eating mammals totaling more than 260 living species worldwide. . Slide 1. 08, 2020. Echo's four cheetah cubs in their new den. It's a unique way to get acquainted with the. The female cub was born to seven-year-old Quella, but when particular big cat species like. The world is getting a chance to see them via the Cheetah Cub Cam, which features live footage of the den. Lucky viewers of the Cheetah Cub Cam may catch the cubs wrestling or going after Amani’s tail. Jul. Since 2007, NZCBI has welcomed 81 cheetah births and it currently holds 30 cheetahs. COPYRIGHT 2023 BY CHANNEL 3000. The best chance of seeing the family on the webcam is on colder. To be on the safe side, all five cubs were. Cheetah mom Rosalie and her five cubs continue to do well and live between the den without a webcam and the tall grasses in their yard. On May 22, 2020, the Zoo asked for the public's help to. Chilly. Wild longevity is. 28, 2022. Dec. Feb. Note that Echo may move her cubs out of the. In 2017, for the first time in Saint Louis Zoo history, a cheetah gave birth to eight cheetah cubs. Amani is a first. San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance has a long history with the African cheetah. We invite you to look back and enjoy some of the inspiring, adorable, majestic and charming panda moments: To conserve bandwidth, the Zoo's webcams are set to turn off after 15 minutes of watch time. The cubs were the first to be born in India in more. A cheetah’s chirp has many meanings. Cheetah Cam. read more. From Smithsonian Institution. The Giant Panda Cam is offline now that the giant pandas have departed for China. Watch the Smithsonian's National Zoo's lions live, 24/7 on the Lion Cam. Viewers can enjoy watching the cubs grow via the Cheetah Cub Cam. com With 24/7 coverage of the 2-week-old twins on the official Cheetah Cub Cam, viewers will be able to check in on them and their mom for up to 10 months. “The cubs appear to be strong, active, vocal, and eating well,” the zoo said in a news release. Animal care staff at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute in Front. The family can be viewed via the Cheetah Cub Cam. , NW. Last modified on Mon 22 May 2023 11. Amani may have moved the cubs off cam, but keepers are pleased to report the family is doing great! On Oct. Get Wallpaper. Amani moved her cubs into some tall grasses in her yard on Oct. Photo: KenfromMD/Flickr Licensed under CC BY-SA 2. 2K likes, 398 loves, 17 comments, 72 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from ZooBorns: Last Thursday, Oct. , welcomed a litter of five cheetah cubs to second-time mother Echo Sept. 12, 2021. They were only about 10 allegorical oracle Oct 2022 #13. The cubs are 5 weeks old, so they are. Viewers can enjoy watching the cubs grow via the Cheetah Cub Cam. It took her about 30 minutes total to move all the cubs, as you can see in this video. 12. 12. The four cubs — female Amabala and males Jabari, Hasani and Erindi. . How Do Birds Handle the Heat? Categories. Enjoy this look back at some of our favorite cheetah cub moments!After 10 months of 24/7 Cheetah Cub Cam, it's time to say goodbye to Rosalie and her five cu. On Oct.